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Vaila'au Fa'afefiloi: O vaila'au fa'afefiloi o vali o se lala taua tele o le alamanuia o vaila'au lelei, ma o le vave o le atina'eina o le alamanuia o vali e fa'alagolago i le atina'eina o vaila'au fa'afefiloi e o fa'atasi ma ia.
Ua matuā atinaʻeina le gaosiga o vali ma mea faʻafefiloi o lanu i Saina talu mai le vaitau o le 1950. Faatasi ai ma le tauvaga malosi i le maketi, ua faʻafouina ai tekinolosi gaosiga o vali ma mea faʻafefiloi o lanu; ua latou faia ni alualu i luma i le tele o vaega e pei o le atinaʻeina o ituaiga fou, faʻaleleia atili o le faagasologa o le gaosiga, suʻesuʻeina o metotia fou, faʻaaogaina fou o ituaiga tuai, puipuia o le siosiomaga, ma isi mea, ma le faʻaaogaina o tekinolosi mama mo le gaosiga o vali ma mea faʻafefiloi o lanu.
1
Atina'eina o le fa'aaogaina o vaila'au fa'avaitaimi

O le mea moni, o le faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau faʻasolosolo e tele ona vaega, o se vailaʻau faʻasolosolo e faʻaaogaina i vali e taʻua o vailaʻau faʻasolosolo, ma faʻaaogaina i vailaʻau faʻasaina, vailaʻau faʻafomaʻi ma vailaʻau faʻasolosolo. E tatau ona manatu i vailaʻau faʻasolosolo o se lala o le alamanuia vailaʻau lelei atoa, e le tatau ona vaevaeina ma le faʻamaoni i ni vailaʻau faʻasolosolo, vailaʻau faʻasolosolo, vailaʻau faʻasolosolo e ala i alamanuia, lea o le a faʻaitiitia ai le lautele o le faʻaaogaina o nisi vailaʻau faʻasolosolo ma aʻafia ai lo latou atinaʻeina.

O suʻesuʻega o vailaʻau faʻasolosolo lelei e faʻailoaina i le tele o ituaiga eseese, e faʻaopoopo atu i ni nai ituaiga o le fua o le gaosiga e matua tele lava, o le tele o ituaiga o tone e le tele naua, ae o le faagasologa o le sauniuniga e masani ona faigata, e aofia ai le tele o gaioiga a le iunite ma le faagasologa o le vavaeʻeseina, o le gaosiga e mafua ai foi le tele o "otaota e tolu" e manaʻomia ona taulimaina lelei. O le mea lea, e tatau ona tatou auai i le faagasologa o suʻesuʻega o oloa faʻasolosolo ma faʻatulaga le gaosiga o vailaʻau faʻasolosolo i se auala talafeagai ina ia maua ai ni faʻamanuiaga lelei i le fua.

Mai le tulaga o atunuu i fafo, o suʻesuʻega ma le gaosiga o vailaʻau faʻasolosolo e masani ona faʻapitoa lelei ina ia ausia ai le gaosiga faʻasolosolo, o se seti o meafaigaluega gaosiga e mafai ona gaosia ai le tele i le sefululua ituaiga o vailaʻau faʻasolosolo, o ia suʻesuʻega ma le gaosiga e ala i le atinaʻeina atoa, o le faʻaaogaina o tekinolosi fou e faigofie ona faʻatinoina, o le a ausia ai le faaluaina o le taunuuga i le afa o taumafaiga. O le tulaga o Iapani e mafai ona avea ma a matou faʻamatalaga, o le gaosiga muamua o vailaʻau faʻasolosolo i Iapani e matua salalau solo foi, mai le 1960s ua fitu taimi e fetuʻunaʻi ai, taulaʻi.

E ala i suiga ma atinaʻe, ua oʻo atu ai le alamanuia o vali ma mea faʻafefiloi lanu a Saina i se tulaga maualuga i tulaga o le tele o gaosiga, tekinolosi ma le tulaga o meafaigaluega, lea e le gata ina mafai ona faʻafetaui ai manaʻoga o le atinaʻeina o le alamanuia o vali ma mea faʻafefiloi i totonu o le atunuʻu, ae faʻapea foʻi ona maua ai le tele o mea faʻafefiloi lelei mo atunuʻu i fafo.

O mea mata e manaʻomia mo le faʻaputuina o vailaʻau faʻasolo e maua mai i oloa o le suauʻu ma le gaosiga o vailaʻau faʻa-coking, o le tele lava o ia mea o le benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone compounds, ma nisi o heterocyclic compounds, ma o pigments organic na saunia i heterocyclic compounds intermediates ua faʻatupulaʻia i tausaga talu ai nei. E le gata i lea, o le phenanthrene, pyridine, oxygen fluorene, quinoline, indole, carbazole, biphenyl series of compounds, o nei mea mata faigata e faʻaaogaina i le gaosiga o vali, ona faʻateleina lea o le faʻaaogaina o mea mata faʻasolo.
2
O tali masani fa'akemikolo e fa'aaogaina mo vaila'au fa'alava

O le fa'agasologaina o mea mata i ni vali (lanu) o tali fa'akemikolo e masani ona fa'aaogaina e fa'apea.
(1) tali atu o le sulfonation
(2) Tali atu i le Nitration
(3) tali atu o le halogenation
(4) Tali fa'aitiitia e saunia ai amino
(5) Fa'agasologa o le Diazotization (e masani ona o fa'atasi ma le fa'agasologa o le coupling)
(6) tali atu o le alkali fusion e sui ai le vaega sulfonic acid i le hydroxyl
(7) Tali atu o le acylation
(8) Tali atu o le okesene
(9) tali atu o le condensation ma le carbonation
(10) Tali atu i le fa'asuamalieina (e masani lava o le amino)
(11) tali tutusa o le suiina o vaega hydroxyl ma amino
(12) tali atu o le hydroxyl poʻo le amino hydrocarbonation
E tusa ai ma le fausaga o le mama manogi autū o vailaʻau faʻafefiloi lelei, e mafai ona vaevaeina vailaʻau faʻafefiloi i le faiga aliphatic, faiga benzene, faiga naphthalene, faiga anthraquinone, faiga heterocyclic ma le faiga mama mafiafia. E mafai e lo tatou atunuu ona gaosia le silia ma le 400 ituaiga o vailaʻau faʻafefiloi e pei o le benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic ma isi vailaʻau faʻafefiloi vali ma pigment, lea e mafai ona faʻafetaui ai manaʻoga atinaʻe o le alamanuia vali ma pigment.
Ata
3
O ituaiga autū o le faiga o le benzene

2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, p-aminoanisole, p-nitroaniline, o-toluidine, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroaniline, N-ethylaniline, m-hydroxy-diethylaniline, 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoaniline, om-phenylenediamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, bianisidine, p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, o- ma le p-aminoanisole, DSD N-methyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-diethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine. m-toluidine, N-ethyl cyanoethyl m-toluidine, N-methylphenyl m-toluidine, p-toluidine, ethoxyaniline, 2-4-dimethylaniline, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methoxy-3-aminobenzanilide, 4-methoxy-3-amino-N,N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, m- ma para-esters, ma isi.
4
O ituaiga autu o vaila'au fa'avaitaimi e fa'avae i le naphthalene

2-naphthol, H-acid, K-acid, 2,3-acid, 2,6-acid, tartaric acid, 6-nitro-1,2,4-acid oxygenate, J-acid, peri-acid, γ-acid, G-salt, R-salt, amino K-acid, 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, 1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid, ma isi. O ituaiga autu o vaila'au fa'avae i luga o le anthraquinone o: anthraquinone, 1-amino anthraquinone, 1,4-diamino anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl anthraquinone bromine, 1,5-diamino anthraquinone, 1-amino-5-benzoyl anthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino anthraquinone, ma isi.
5
O ituaiga autū e heterocyclic ma mafiafia-mama

Melamine, barbituric acid, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole, 2-amino thiazole, dehydrothio-p-toluidine bisulfonic acid, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride, naphthalenetetracarboxylic anhydride, tetracarboxylic anhydride, ma isi.