Mea Fa'afefiloi: O mea fa'afefiloi o le valiina (pigment) o se lala taua tele o le alamanuia o vaila'au lelei. O le atina'eina o mea fa'afefiloi lagolago. O le gaosiga a Saina o mea fa'afefiloi mo le valiina ma le pigment ua matua'i atina'eina talu mai le 1950. I nai tausaga ua tuana'i, ua fa'ateleina le gaosiga o mea fa'afefiloi o le vali ma le pigment, ma ua i ai ni fa'afouga i tekinolosi gaosiga. Ua matou faia ni alualu i luma i le tele o vaega, e pei o su'esu'ega, fa'aoga fou mo ituaiga tuai ma le puipuiga o le siosiomaga, ma ua matou fa'aaogaina se faiga mama mo le gaosiga o mea fa'afefiloi o le vali ma le pigment.

1
Atina'eina o le fa'aaogaina o vaila'au fa'asolosolo

O le mea moni, o le faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau faʻasolosolo o se atinaʻe tele ona itu, o se ituaiga o vailaʻau faʻasolosolo e faʻaaogaina i vali e taʻua o vailaʻau faʻasolosolo, ma faʻaaogaina i vailaʻau faʻasaina, vailaʻau, ma isi mea. E taʻua foʻi o vailaʻau faʻasolosolo, vailaʻau faʻasolosolo. E tatau ona manatu o se lala o le alamanuia vailaʻau lelei atoa, e le tatau ona vaevaeina ma le faʻamaoni i vailaʻau faʻasolosolo, vailaʻau faʻasolosolo ...

O suʻesuʻega o vailaʻau faʻasolosolo lelei e iloga i le tele o ituaiga eseese, sei vagana ai ni nai ituaiga o le gaosiga e matua tele lava, o le tele o ituaiga o tone e le tele naua, ae o le faagasologa o le sauniuniga e masani ona sili atu ona faigata, e aofia ai le tele o tali ma vavaeʻesega o iunite, ma le gaosiga o le tele o "otaota e tolu" e manaʻomia ona taulimaina lelei. O le mea lea, e tatau ona tatou faia ni suʻesuʻega faʻasolosolo o le faagasologa o oloa, o se faʻatulagaina talafeagai o vailaʻau faʻasolosolo ina ia maua ai se fua lelei o le gaosiga.

Mai le tulaga i fafo, o suʻesuʻega ma le gaosiga o vailaʻau faʻasolosolo e masani ona faʻapitoa lelei ina ia ausia ai le gaosiga faʻasolosolo. I ni nai ituaiga o vailaʻau faʻasolosolo, o ia suʻesuʻega ma gaosiga e faigofie ona faʻatinoina e ala i le atinaʻeina atoa ma le faʻaaogaina o tekinolosi fou. O le a tatou maua le faaluaina o le taunuuga i le afa o le taumafaiga. E mafai ona tatou toe tepa i le tulaga i Iapani, lea sa matua faʻapitoa lava le gaosiga o vailaʻau faʻasolosolo, e amata mai i le 1960. Ua faafitu ona fetuʻunaʻi ma faʻapitoa.

E ala i suiga ma atinaʻe, ua oʻo atu ai le alamanuia o vailaʻau vali ma pigment a Saina i se tulaga maualuga i tulaga o le tele o gaosiga, tekinolosi ma le tulaga o meafaigaluega, lea e le gata ina mafai ona faʻafetaui ai manaʻoga o le atinaʻeina o le alamanuia o vali ma pigment i totonu o le atunuʻu, ae faʻapea foʻi ona tuʻuina atu oloa vailaʻau lelei mo atunuʻu i fafo.

O mea mata e manaʻomia mo le faia o vailaʻau faʻafefiloi e maua mai oloa o le suauʻu ma le gaosiga o vailaʻau faʻa-coking, o le tele lava o ia mea o le benzene, naphthalene, naphthalene, ma le naphthalene. I tausaga talu ai nei, o pigments organic na saunia mai vailaʻau faʻafefiloi heterocyclic ua faʻateleina. E le gata i lea, o le phenanthrene, pyridine, oxygen fluorene, quinoline, indole, carbazole, biphenyl series compounds, o nei mea mata faigata e faʻaaogaina i le gaosiga o vali. O le faʻaaogaina o mea mata faʻafefiloi o le a faʻateleina ma taatele.

2
O tali masani fa'akemikolo e fa'aaogaina mo vaila'au fa'alava

O tali fa'akemikolo e masani ona fa'aaogaina e fa'agasolo ai mea mata i ni vaila'au fa'alava mo le alamanuia vali (pigment) e fa'apea:

(1) Tali atu i le Sulfonation
(2) Tali atu i le fa'a'aisa
(3) Tali atu i le halogenation
(4) Tali fa'aitiitia e saunia ai amino
(5) Fa'agasologa o le diazotization (e masani ona o fa'atasi ma fa'agasologa o le coupling)
(6) Suiga o vaega o le sulfonic acid i vaega hydroxyl e ala i tali o le alkali-melting
(7) Tali atu i le acetylation
(8) Tali atu i le okesene
(9) Tali atu i le fa'asusu ma le kaponi
(10) Tali atu i le fa'a'asuaina (e masani lava o amino)
(11) Fefa'ataua'iga e mafai ona fesuia'i o vaega hydroxyl ma amino
(12) Fa'a'a'a'a o vaega hydroxyl po'o amino

E tusa ai ma le fausaga o le mama manogi o vailaʻau faʻafefiloi lelei, e mafai ona vaevaeina i ni aliphatic, benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic ma le dense. Mama faiga. E mafai e lo tatou atunuu ona gaosia le silia ma le 400 ituaiga o benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic ma isi vailaʻau faʻafefiloi o le valiina ma le pigment, lea e mafai ona faʻafetaui ai manaʻoga o le atinaʻeina o le alamanuia o le valiina ma le pigment.

3
O ituaiga autū o le faiga o le benzene

2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, p-amino Anisole, p-nitroaniline, o-toluidine, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroaniline, N-ethylaniline, m-hydroxydiethylaniline 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoaniline, o-, p-phenylenediamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, benzidine, anisylamine, p-amine Benzenesulfonic acid, o-anisole, p-aminoanisole, DSD acid, p-aminophenetole, CTL acid, o-cyano-p-nitroaniline, acetoacetylacetamide o-Methoxyaniline, hydroquinone, resorcinol, N-methyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine Toluidine, N,N-diethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-toluidine Methyl cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-methylphenyl-m-toluidine, p-, ethoxyaniline, 2 4-dimethylaniline, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methoxy-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 2,4,5-Trichloroaniline, 4-methoxy-3-amino-N,N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline fa'atasi, para ester, ma isi.

4
O ituaiga autū o vailaʻau faʻafefiloi naphthalene

2-naphthol, H-acid, K-acid, 2,3-acid, 2,6-acid, thujaplic acid, 6-nitro-1,2,4 acid oxygens. J-acid, peri-acid, gamma-acid, G-salt, R-salt, amino K-acid, 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, 1-naphthol -5-sulfonic acid, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid ma isi mea faapena. O vaila'au fa'asolo o le Anthraquinone e aofia ai: anthraquinone, 1-amino anthraquinone, 1,4-diamino anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl-bromophosphate, 1,5-dimethyl-anthraquinone, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid, ma isi. Anthraquinone, 1,5-diamino anthraquinone, 1-Amino-5-benzoyl anthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxy Anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino anthraquinone, ma isi.

5
O ituaiga tetele o heterocyclic ma dense-cyclic

Cyanuric chloride, barbituric acid, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole, 2-aminobenzothiazole Aminothiazole, dehydrothibenzidine bisulfonic acid, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone Formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalene anhydride, naphthalene tetracarboxylic anhydride, ! tetracarboxylic anhydride, ma isi.