Intermediates: O le vali (pigment) intermediates o se lala sili ona taua o le alamanuia kemikolo lelei. Le atinaʻeina o fesoʻotaʻiga lagolago. O le gaosiga a Saina o vailaʻau mo le valiina ma le paʻu ua matua atinaʻe talu mai le 1950s. I nai tausaga ua tuanaʻi, o le gaosiga o vaeluaga o le vali ma le pigmenti ua sili atu ona malosi, ma ua i ai ni mea fou i le gaosiga o tekinolosi. Ua matou faia ni suiga i le tele o vaega, e pei o suʻesuʻega, faʻaoga fou mo ituaiga tuai ma le puipuiga o le siosiomaga, ma ua faʻaaogaina se faiga mama mo le gaosiga o le vali ma le pigment intermediates. .

1
Atinaʻe o le faʻaogaina o mea tau

O le mea moni, o le faʻaogaina o mea vavalalata o le atinaʻeina tele, o se ituaiga o mea faʻaogaina e faʻaaogaina i vali e taʻua o le dye intermediates, ma faʻaaogaina i vailaau faʻasaina, vailaʻau, ma isi. Fa'aigoa fo'i pesticide, pharmaceutical intermediates. E tatau ona manatu o se lala o le alamanuia kemikolo lelei i lona atoaga, e le tatau ona matua vaevaeina i totonu ole vali, vailaʻau faʻatoʻaga, vailaʻau vailaʻau, vailaʻau faʻamaʻi, vailaʻau faʻamaʻi, vailaʻau faʻamaʻi, vailaʻau vailaʻau, vailaʻau faʻatoʻaga, vailaʻau vailaʻau, vailaʻau faʻatoʻaga, vailaʻau. , vaila'au fa'atosina, vaila'au fa'atosina, vaila'au fa'atosina, vaila'au fa'atosina, vaila'au fa'atosina, vaila'au fa'atosina. mea vavalo, vaila'au fa'ato'aga, vaila'au fa'atosina, vaila'au fa'ato'aga, vaila'au fa'atosina Vaelua, vaila'au vaila'au, lea o le a fa'aitiitia ai le fa'aogaina o nisi o vaila'au ma a'afia ai lo latou atina'e.

O suʻesuʻega faʻataʻitaʻiga vailaʻau lelei e faʻaalia i le tele o ituaiga, sei vagana ai ni nai ituaiga o fua o le gaosiga e matua tele lava, o le tele o ituaiga o tone e le tele, ae o le sauniuniga e masani ona sili atu ona faigata, e aofia ai le tele o tali ma vavaega, ma le gaosiga o aofaiga tele O le "tolu otaota" e tatau ona taulimaina lelei. O le mea lea, e tatau ona tatou auai i suʻesuʻega faʻagasologa o oloa gaosi, o se faʻalapotopotoga talafeagai o tagata vavalalata e maua ai le lelei o le gaosiga o fua.

Mai le tulaga i fafo, o le suʻesuʻega ma le gaosiga o mea tau fesoʻotaʻiga e masani ona faʻaogaina lelei e ausia ai le gaosiga o faasologa. o nai i le luasefulu ituaiga o intermediates, o ia suʻesuʻega ma gaosiga e faigofie ona faʻatinoina e ala i le atinaʻeina atoa ma le faʻaaogaina o tekinolosi fou. O le a tatou maua faalua le taunuuga i le afa o le taumafaiga. E mafai ona tatou vaʻai i le tulaga i Iapani, lea na faʻaaogaina ai le gaosiga o mea vavalalata, e amata mai i le 1960s. Ua faafitu ona fetuutuunai ma taulai.

E ala i suiga ma atinaʻe, ua oʻo i le maualuga o le gaosiga o le gaosiga o le gaosiga, tekinolosi ma meafaigaluega, lea e le gata ina mafai ona faʻafetaui manaʻoga o le vali faʻapitonuʻu ma le atinaʻeina o le pigmenti, ae e maua ai foʻi le tele o mea tau fefaʻatauaʻiga. atunuu i fafo.

O mea mataʻutia e manaʻomia mo le faʻapipiʻiina o mea vavalalata e masani lava ona maua mai i oloa o le suauu ma le gaosiga o vailaʻau kemisi, o le tele o ia mea o le benzene, naphthalene, naphthalene, ma le naphthalene. I tausaga talu ai nei, o loʻo faʻatupulaʻia le faʻaogaina o meaʻai mai le heterocyclic intermediates. E le gata i lea, o le phenanthrene, pyridine, oxygen fluorene, quinoline, indole, carbazole, biphenyl series compounds, o nei mea lavelave faʻaaogaina i le gaosiga o le vali. O le faʻaogaina o mea faʻapipiʻi gaosia o le a sili atu ona salalau ma taatele.

2
O fa'a'avega fa'ama'i masani e fa'aaogaina mo vaila'au

O fa'agaioiga vaila'au masani e fa'aaogaina e fa'agaoioi ai mea mata e avea ma mea fa'alatalata mo pisinisi vali (pigment) e fa'apea.

(1) Fa'afofoga sulfonation
(2) Fa'aoso fa'ama'i
(3) Fa'asagaga fa'amaloloina
(4) Fa'aitiitiga tali e saunia ai amino
(5) Fa'alavelave fa'a-diazotization (e masani ona fa'atasi ma fa'a'au fa'atasi)
(6) Suiga o vaega sulfonic acid i vaega o le hydroxyl e ala i le fa'afefe o le alkali
(7) Gaoioiga acetylation
(8) Ga'i fa'ama'i
(9) Fa'afefeteina ma fa'afefeteina
(10) Ga'o fa'amanino (tele amino)
(11) Fa'afesuia'i tali ole hydroxyl ma amino vaega
(12) Hydroxylation o vaega hydroxyl po o amino

E tusa ai ma le fausaga mama manogi o vailaʻau vailaʻau lelei, e mafai ona faʻavasegaina ile aliphatic, benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic ma le mafiafia. faiga mama. E mafai e lo tatou atunuʻu ona gaosia le sili atu ma le 400 ituaiga o benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic ma isi mea vavalalata o le valiina ma le pigmenti, lea e mafai ona faʻamalieina manaʻoga o manaoga ole atinaʻeina o pisinisi.

3
O ituaiga tetele o faiga benzene

2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, p-amino Anisole, p-nitroaniline, o-toluidine, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroaniline, N -ethylaniline, m-hydroxydiethylaniline 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoaniline, o-, p-phenylenediamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, benzidine, anisylamine, p-amine Benzenesulfonic acid, o-anisole, p-aminoanisole, DSD acid, p-aminophenetole, CTL acid, o-cyano-p-nitroaniline, acetoacetylacetamide o-Methoxyaniline, hydroquinone, resorcinol, N-methyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine Toluidine , N,N-diethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-toluidine Methyl cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl cyanoethyl-m- toluidine, N-methylphenyl-m-toluidine, p-, ethoxyaniline, 2 4-dimethylaniline, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methoxy-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4- methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl- aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide 2,4,5-Trichloroaniline, 4-methoxy-3-amino-N,N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4,5 -trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline , 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2 ,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4 ,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline inter, para ester, ma isi.

4
O ituaiga autu o naphthalene intermediates

2-naphthol, H-acid, K-acid, 2,3-acid, 2,6-acid, thujaplic acid, 6-nitro-1,2,4 acid oxygens. J-acid, peri-acid, gamma-acid, G-salt, R-salt, amino K-acid, 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, 1-naphthol -5-sulfonic acid, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene , 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid ma isi. Anthraquinone intermediates e aofia ai: anthraquinone, 1-amino anthraquinone, 1,4-diamino anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl-bromophosphate, 1,5-dimethyl-anthraquinone, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid, ma isi Anthraquinone, 1. ,5-diamino anthraquinone, 1-Amino-5-benzoyl anthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxy Anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino anthraquinone, ma isi.

5
Tele ituaiga heterocyclic ma mafiafia-cyclic

Cyanuric chloride, barbituric acid, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole, 2-aminobenzothiazole Aminothiazole, dehydrothiobenzidine bisulfonic acid, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone -cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano -4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4 -methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl -6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6 -hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone Formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalene anhydride, naphthalene tetracarboxylic anhydride, ! tetracarboxylic anhydride, ma isi.