Intermediates o se ituaiga taua tele o oloa vailaʻau lelei. O le mea moni, o latou o se ituaiga o "mea e le'i mae'a", lea e masani ona fa'aaogaina i le tu'ufa'atasiga o vaila'au, vaila'au fa'ato'aga, pa'u, vali ma mea manogi.

I vailaʻau, o loʻo faʻaogaina mea vavalo e gaosia ai API.

O le a la le pisinisi faʻapitoa o vailaʻau faʻapitoa?

01

O mea ia e ta'ua o vaila'au fa'atauva'a e moni lava o nisi vaila'au mata'utia po'o vaila'au vaila'au fa'aaogaina i le fa'agasologa o vaila'au.
O le vailaʻau, e le manaʻomia se laisene gaosi vailaʻau, e mafai ona gaosia i totonu o se vailaʻau vailaʻau masani ma, pe a oʻo i ni tulaga faʻapitoa, e mafai ona faʻaaogaina i le tuʻufaʻatasia o vailaʻau.

O le ata

I le taimi nei, o ituaiga sili ona lelei o vailaʻau vailaʻau e masani lava e pei o lenei:

Nucleoside intermediates.
O lenei ituaiga tu'ufa'atasiga o vaila'au anti-AIDS e masani lava o le zidovudine, mai le United States Glaxo.
Ia manuia ma Bristol-Myers Squibb.

Cardiovascular intermediates.
Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, synthetic sartans ua faʻaaogaina lautele i le togafitiga o le toto maualuga ona o le sili atu ona atoatoa o latou aafiaga antihypertensive, itiiti aʻafiaga, umi aoga (pulea mautu o le toto maualuga mo le 24 itula) ma le mafai ona faʻaaogaina faʻatasi ma isi sartans.
E tusa ai ma fuainumera, i le 2015, o le manaʻoga o le lalolagi mo vailaʻau faʻamalosi malosi (losartan potassium, olmesartan, valsartan, irbesartan, telmisartan, candesartan) na oʻo atu i le 3,300 tone.
Aofa'i fa'atauga e $21.063 piliona.

Fluorinated intermediates.
O vaila'au fa'apipi'i fa'apipi'iina mai ia vaila'au ua vave ona atia'e i tausaga talu ai ona o lo latou aoga lelei. I le 1970, na'o le 2% o vaila'au fa'afefeteina sa i luga o le maketi; e oʻo atu i le 2013, 25% o vailaʻau faʻafefeteina sa i luga o le maketi.
O sui o oloa e pei ole fluoroquinolone anti-infective drugs, antidepressant fluoxetine ma le antifungal fluconazole account mo se vaega maualuga i le faʻaogaina o falemaʻi, e aofia ai le fluoroquinolone anti-infective drugs e tusa ma le 15% o le maketi o le lalolagi atoa o vailaʻau faʻamaʻi.
E le gata i lea, o le trifluoroethanol o se mea taua tele mo le tuʻufaʻatasia o vailaʻau faʻamaʻi, ae o le trifluoromethylaniline o se mea taua tele mo le faʻaogaina o vailaʻau faʻamaʻi, vailaʻau faʻamaʻi ma analgesic, vailaʻau faʻamaʻi-prostate ma anti-depressants, ma o le maketi e matua lautele lautele .

Heterocyclic intermediates.
Faatasi ai ma le pyridine ma le piperazine e fai ma sui, e masani lava ona faʻaaogaina i le tuʻufaʻatasia o vailaʻau faʻamaʻi, vailaʻau faʻamaʻi tele, vailaʻau faʻamaʻi ma faʻamaʻi pipisi, vailaʻau faʻamaʻi sili ona aoga ma vailaʻau fou o le kanesa o le susu letrozole.

02

O vaila'au fa'atauva'a ose so'otaga taua ile filifili alamanuia tau vaila'au.

O le ata

I luga o le vaitafe o mea faʻapitoa faʻamaʻi, o le tele o mea o loʻo gaosia petrochemical, e pei o le acetylene, ethylene, propylene, butene ma le butadiene, toluene ma le xylene.

O vaila'au tu'ufa'atasiga fa'afoma'i ua va'ava'ava'aia i vaega muamua ma mea fa'apitoa.
Faatasi ai ma i latou, e mafai e le aufaipisinisi muamua ona tuʻuina atu le gaosiga faigofie ma o loʻo i luma o le fale gaosi oloa ma le faʻatauvaʻa sili atu ma le tau o le tau. O le mea lea, o le fesuisuiai o tau o mea faʻa-kemikolo autu e iai se aafiaga tele ia i latou.

I le isi itu, e le gata o loʻo i ai i le aufaipisinisi faʻatauvaʻa le malosi o le fefaʻatauaʻiga i luga o le au faʻatau muamua, ae o le mea e sili ona taua, ona latou te faʻatinoina le gaosiga o mea faʻapitoa faʻapitoa ma mea faʻapitoa faʻapitoa ma faʻatumauina fesoʻotaʻiga vavalalata ma kamupani faʻavaomalo, latou te le afaina i le fesuiaiga o tau. o mea mata.

O le ogatotonu o lo'o i totonu ole falema'i vaila'au lelei.
O tagata gaosiga o vailaʻau faʻatauvaʻa latou te faʻapipiʻiina mea vavalo poʻo API leaga, ma faʻatau atu oloa i tulaga o vailaʻau vailaʻau i kamupani vailaʻau, e faʻamamaina ai ma faʻatau atu e avea ma vailaʻau.

O vaila'au fa'atauva'a e aofia ai oloa lautele ma oloa fa'apitoa. E tusa ai ma vaega eseese o auaunaga i fafo, o faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻapitoa pisinisi o tagata vavalalata e mafai ona vaevaeina i le CRO (konekarate suʻesuʻega ma atinaʻe fafo) ma le CMO (konekarate gaosiga fafo).

I aso ua tuanaʻi, o le CMO business outsourcing mode sa masani ona faʻaaogaina i vailaʻau faʻapitoa.
I lalo o le CMO faʻataʻitaʻiga, kamupani vailaʻau faʻatau atu le gaosiga i paʻaga.
O le mea lea, o le pisinisi pisinisi e masani lava ona amata i mea faʻapitoa faʻapitoa tau vailaʻau.
E mana'omia e kamupani fa'apisinisi le fa'atauina o mea fa'apitoa fa'amalama ma fa'avasega ma fa'agaoioia i mea fa'apitoa tau vaila'au, ona toe fa'afo'i lea i mea amata API, cGMP intermediates, API ma sauniuniga.

Ae, e pei o le kamupani fualaau faasaina mo le pulea o tau ma manaoga lelei, faigofie gaosiga outsourcing auaunaga ua le mafai ona ausia le manaoga o le atinaʻe, CDMO mode (gaosiga suʻesuʻega ma atinaʻe outsourcing) tulaʻi mai i le taimi faasolopito, CDMO manaʻomia pisinisi gaosiga faʻapitoa e auai i totonu. le tagata faʻatau i le faagasologa o suʻesuʻega ma atinaʻe, e tuʻuina atu le faʻaleleia atili poʻo le faʻaleleia atili, iloa le tele o le gaosiga o le gaosiga, faʻaitiitia le tau o le gaosiga,
E maualuga atu tupe mama nai lo le CMO model.

O le pito i lalo e masani lava o le gaosiga o le API, ma o le API o loʻo i luga ma lalo o fesoʻotaʻiga filifili pisinisi ma le sauniuniga.
O le mea lea, o le taumafaina manaʻomia o le vailaʻau i lalo o le a aʻafia ai le manaʻoga o le API, ona aʻafia ai lea o le manaʻoga o le vaeluagalemu.

Mai le vaaiga o le filifili alamanuia atoa, pharmaceutical intermediates o loo i ai pea i le tulaga tuputupu ae i le taimi nei, ma o le fua faatatau o tupe mama e masani lava 15-20%, ae o le averesi fua faatatau o tupe mama o le API o le 20-25%, ma le averesi. fua fa'atatau o tupe mama o vaila'au pito i lalo e maualuga e 40-50%. E manino lava, o le fua faatatau o tupe mama o le vaega pito i lalo e matua maualuga atu nai lo le vaega i luga.
O le mea lea, e mafai ona faʻalauteleina pisinisi faʻatauvaʻa faʻatau oloa, faʻateleina tupe mama ma faʻaleleia le mautu o faʻatauga e ala i le gaosia o le API i le lumanaʻi.

03

O le maualuga o le atinaʻeina o vailaʻau faʻapitoa i totonu o Saina na amata ile 2000.

I lena taimi, o kamupani vailaʻau i atunuʻu atinaʻe na sili atu ona gauai atu i suʻesuʻega oloa ma atinaʻe ma atinaʻe maketi e avea ma latou faʻatauvaʻa autu, ma faʻavaveina le fesiitaiga o vailaʻau vavalo ma faʻamalosi faʻamalosi i atunuʻu atinaʻe ma tau maualalo.
O le mea lea, o vailaʻau faʻapitoa i totonu o Saina ua ausia le atinaʻe lelei e ala i le faʻaaogaina o lenei avanoa.
Ina ua mavae le sili atu ma le sefulu tausaga o atinae mausali, faatasi ai ma le lagolago a le atunuu atoa tulafono faatonutonu ma faiga faavae, ua avea Saina ma se tulaga taua tele gaosiga tulaga i le lalolagi vaevaega o galuega i le alamanuia pharmaceutical.

Mai le 2012 i le 2018, o le gaosiga o fale gaosi oloa a Saina na siitia mai le tusa ma le 8.1 miliona tone ma le maketi tele e tusa ma le 168.8 piliona yuan i le tusa ma le 10.12 miliona tone ma le maketi o le 2010.7 piliona yuan.

O le ata

Ua ausia e le alamanuia tau vailaau a Saina se tauvaga malosi maketi, ma e oo lava i nisi o pisinisi gaosiga o loʻo mafai ona gaosia ni mea faʻalatalata ma faʻalavelave mole mole ma manaʻoga faʻapitoa. O se numera tele o oloa faʻatupuina ua amata ona pulea le maketi faavaomalo.

Ae ui i lea, i se tulaga lautele, o loʻo i ai pea le atinaʻeina o pisinisi i Saina i le vaitau o le atinaʻeina o le faʻaleleia o le fausaga o oloa ma le faʻaleleia, ma o loʻo maualalo pea le tulaga tekonolosi.
Primaceutical intermediates o loʻo avea pea ma oloa autu i totonu o falemaʻi vaʻavaʻa, ma e toʻaitiiti pisinisi o loʻo gaosia se numera tele o vailaʻau faʻapitoa faʻapitoa ma lagolago oloa vaeluaga o vailaʻau fou pateni.

I le taimi nei, o kamupani sili atu le tauvaga A-sea lisiina i totonu o pisinisi vavalalata o Yaben Chemical, Lianhua Technology, Boten, ma Wanrun, o loʻo fuafua e teu faʻafaigaluega le 630 miliona yuan i le fausiaina o vailaʻau vavalo ma poloketi API ma le aofaʻi atoa o 3,155 tone. /tausaga.
Latou te faʻaauau pea ona atiaʻe le tele o oloa e ala i suʻesuʻega ma atinaʻe, ina ia mafai ai ona maua ni auala fou.

Yaben Chemical Co., Ltd. (300261): O a tatou oloa autu e aofia ai vailaʻau antitumor intermediates, vailaʻau faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi ma vailaʻau faʻamaʻi.
Faatasi ai ma i latou, ABAH, o se vailaʻau faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi, na tuʻuina aloaia i le gaosiga ia Oketopa 2014, faʻatasi ai ma le gafatia o 1,000 tone.
O tekinolosi fa'alava ole enzyme na fa'afeiloa'i ma le manuia i totonu ole cardiovascular intermediates e fa'aleleia ai le fa'atauva o oloa.
I le 2017, na maua ai e le kamupani le ACL, o se kamupani vailaʻau vailaʻau malosi i Malta, faʻavaveina lona faʻatulagaina i le maketi faafomaʻi faavaomalo ma faʻatautaia le suiga ma le faʻaleleia o le fale.

BTG (300363): taulaʻi atu i vailaʻau fou faʻatauvaʻa / API faʻapitoa CMO pisinisi, o oloa autu o vailaʻau mo vailaʻau mo le anti-hepatitis C, anti-AIDS, hypolipidemia ma analgesia, ma o le kamupani autu lea o Sofebuvir intermediates mo le anti-hepatitis a Gilead. C fualaau faasaina.
I le 2016, o le aofaʻi o tupe maua a anti-diabetes + anti-hepatitis C vailaʻau intermediates oʻo atu i le 660 miliona, faʻamauina mo le 50% o le aofaʻi o tupe maua.
Ae ui i lea, talu mai le 2017, ona o le faasolosolo malie o le togafitia o tagata mamaʻi hepatitis C ma le faʻaitiitia o le faitau aofaʻi o tagata mamaʻi, na amata ai ona paʻu le faʻatau atu o vailaʻau hepatitis C a Gilead. E le gata i lea, i le maeʻa o pateni, na faʻalauiloa atili ai le tele o vailaʻau anti-hepatitis C, ma faʻaauau pea le faʻateleina o le tauvaga, ma iʻu ai i le faʻaitiitia o poloaiga ma tupe maua.
I le taimi nei, ua suia le kamupani mai le CMO pisinisi i le CDMO pisinisi e fausia ai se tulaga taʻutaʻua i le lalolagi atoa mo atinaʻe vailaʻau.

Alliance Technology (002250):
O vailaʻau faʻatauvaʻa faʻatauvaʻa e tele lava ina aʻafia i vailaʻau faʻamaʻi, autoimmune, vailaʻau faʻamaʻi, vailaʻau cardiovascular, vailaʻau o le maʻisuka, vailaʻau faʻamaʻi, vailaʻau faʻamaʻi, vailaʻau faʻamaʻi, e pei o mea masani o loʻo i totonu o vaega faʻapitoa o le lalolagi sili ona lauiloa ma lautele avanoa o maketi. , o le televave o le tuputupu aʻe i tausaga talu ai nei, o tupe maua faʻaopoopo faʻatupulaia fua faatatau o le 50%.
Faatasi ai ma i latou, o le "gaosiga faaletausaga o le 300 tone o Chunidine, 300 tone o le Fluzolic Acid ma le 200 tone o le Cyclopyrimidine Acid Project" ua tuʻuina faʻasolosolo i le gaosiga talu mai le 2014.